喝酒既傷身又護身？適量飲酒真的比較健康嗎？

喝酒到底是「護心」還是「傷心」？我們常看到酒精衛教指出飲酒傷心、傷肝、傷腦，但也有些衛教宣導指出，適量飲酒有益健康，先前ĒSEN破除了喝酒可以殺菌和消毒的迷思，今天要與朋友們分享，真的有可能靠喝酒變得更健康嗎？到底要喝多少酒才會是對身體健康的飲酒量？如果有心血管疾病可以喝酒嗎？喝酒後出現血管擴張、心跳加速的生理反應，該注意哪些活動以避免心臟負荷不了？

April 11, 2022

一天一啤酒，醫生遠離我？喝酒真的有好處嗎

受社會風氣影響，喝酒通常會給大眾較負面的觀感。然而研究指出，適量飲酒對身體的影響尚未有定論。

最新的研究表明，適度飲酒具有保護心血管功能的作用，包括減少冠狀動脈心臟病、缺血性中風、周邊動脈疾病、心臟衰竭等心臟疾病的發生。目前已知適度飲酒對冠狀動脈粥狀硬化有益，由於啤酒、葡萄酒等酒精製品中，所含的「酚類」等化合物，具有抗氧化、抗發炎、抗癌、降血壓等作用。除了心血管功能外，適量的喝酒可能減緩細胞老化和癡呆，並有維持認知功能的作用。

究竟適度飲酒的「適量」到底是多少呢？儘管已有研究證實，不論是葡萄酒或啤酒，其成分對身體有一定的益處，然而飲酒過量仍為引起多種慢性病，例如肝臟類疾病、糖尿病、生殖器官病變、眼部疾病，與心血管疾病等等。根據衛生福利部建議，適度的飲酒量為：女性150毫升葡萄酒（約10克酒精）／日、男性300毫升葡萄酒（約20克酒精）／日，不過飲酒量仍應視個人年齡、性別、遺傳、體型和服用的藥物等去做調整，建議請教您的家庭醫師，是否適合有適量喝酒的習慣。

降低膽固醇？抗發炎？喝啤酒有哪些益處

根據發表於國際期刊《食物科學及營養》（Food Science and Nutrition）的批判性文獻回顧研究，啤酒可能對體重、胰臟功能、骨質疏鬆、癌症、心血管疾病帶來影響。

早在1979年就已經有大量針對葡萄酒對心血管疾病預防的研究，諸多證據表明，適度喝酒與減少冠狀動脈心臟病和中風有關聯性，不只葡萄酒，其他類型酒精製品中的原料「乙醇」有可能增加血液中高密度脂蛋白膽固醇（HDL）、降低低密度脂蛋白膽固醇（LDL），亦有降低血小板聚集、預防發炎等作用。

此外，葡萄酒和紅酒中的「多酚類」可能具有抗動脈粥狀硬化、抗血栓形成的作用，2017年的研究指出，適度喝酒對動脈粥狀硬化、抗氧化、抗發炎有正向關係。

目前尚未有具體研究指出，喝啤酒與體重變化有直接相關，然而啤酒內含每公克7大卡的乙醇，且啤酒不僅會刺激食慾，我們習慣配酒吃的下酒菜，例如：鹽酥雞、快炒、熱炒小菜等等，幾乎都是高油、高熱量、高鈉食物，可能導致啤酒飲用者不知不覺吃下更多熱量，造成體重上升。建議朋友們除了控制飲酒量之外，也可以選擇涼拌菜、毛豆等小菜，代替高熱量下酒菜解解嘴饞。

不過，也有研究指出，適量飲酒會降低罹患第二型糖尿病的風險，可能與紅酒除了酒精之外，還含有多酚化合物。

飲酒對人體健康來說著實有好有壞，凡事過猶不及，適量飲酒才是良策。更重要的是，飲酒之所以能夠帶來上述的效益，是由於酒精類製品中的非酒精性化合物，酒精本身能對健康有一體兩面的影響，絕對不能因為酒精製品中的內容物對身體有益就當作藉口大肆喝酒。

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